Effects of Culture Shock on Communication

Effects of Culture Shock on Communication Table of Contents (Jump to) Introduction Summary and critical evaluation Theoretical models of culture shock and adaptation in international students in higher education An Integrated Process Model of Stereotype Threat Effects on Performance Scientific Model of Culture Shock and Intercultural Communication References Introduction For the purpose of the study, three peer-reviewed editorials have been considered from applicable scholastic journals written in the precedent five years. The content summarizes the each of the articles along with the critical impending based on the past experiences and educational training. Summary and critical evaluation Theoretical models of culture shock and adaptation in international students in higher education The editorials indicate the solitary disputes linked among conditional disgrace and the reserves desirable for performance for various diverse chores. If physiological pressure does not lessen operational remembrance instantly, at that time the augmented worry to individuals performance, or repressing unenthusiastic sensations. The predicament envisaged by individuals who are in a social context dishonored is principally insidious for the reason that it is probable to be envisaged by lots of others at some point too (Zhou, Jindal-Snape, Topping, Todman, 2008). A learner at diverse universities discovers the culture dissimilar from their personal, and should struggle with novel communal and manners, in addition to tackling with the troubles of alteration is widespread to learners. This is confused adequate if the learner is conscious of the distinctions sound in proceed, but smooth additional hard to those who are uninformed and presumes that the innovative culture functions as their domicile nation. The combined consequence of such unusual situations on enlightening explorers is normally expressed as ‘civilization shock’. There are further than a million learners and researchers learning in establishments of superior tutoring overseas (Amodio, Kubota, Harmon-Jones and Devine, 2006). The superiority of the, social learning and emotional skills of this collection is the majority significant, at any rate in encouraging international inter-enlightening thoughtful. There are lots of journalism has been anxious with learners’ adjustment dilemmas. Scholar so visitors are the best-investigated cluster of traverse-culture. Diverse studies have discovered communal and alliance arrangements, family members, communal expertise and cluster awareness’s. This piece of writing assesses the development of theories. The edition of learners in senior education is a distribution of the ‘civilization shock’ carried out by an extensive choice of civilizing explorer. Premature forms of ‘civilization shock’ were founded on medical viewpoints and paid attention on psychological wellbeing, including both pre-organizing issues and consequence of resettlement. The later forms were founded on broader enlightening, communal, and emotional theories which observed the explorer as an energetic mediator regardless of sufferer of pathology. Essential variables and interactive developments within ‘civilization learning’ social classification ‘and ‘anxiety and coping’’ features were distinguished from countless research studies. These dealt with the conducts and cognitive (facets of adjustment). They proposed a supplementary multifaceted but additional fit and influential sculpt, and propose d diverse accomplishment that was distributable on a large extent. Intercessions grown via this model were seen as being valuable. This editorial has employed the culture synergy representation to focus on the adjustment of global learners in higher schooling. Our focal point is on the equivalent/disparity of enlightening anticipations has the advantage of escorting not merely to the research impending, but in addition to insinuations for the pre- and post-egress preparation of both teachers and students that may guide to more adaptations by each. The many variables distinguished and propose conduits for assisting numerous students and their educators to recover the excellence of their general outcome. It chases the establishment-wise strategies for sustaining consciousness-raising, and showing diverse learners and their educators ought to be totally, effortlessly accessible and really employed. These concern the identical for all foundation cultures and each and every host custom. The study has focused particularly at Chinese scholars going to the UK. It appears probable that the practices of learners from diverse cultures with diverse destinations could vary. On the other hand, there is a little testimony (e.g. Redmond and Bunyi 1993) that Asian students breaking in the UK and USA face utmost divergences in cultural beliefs. For this grounds they might outline a constructive ‘intense case’ for explore diverse principles concerning scholar sojourners in common (Applehans and Luecken, 2006). An Integrated Process Model of Stereotype Threat Effects on Performance The majority of Research demonstrates that unenthusiastic typecasts can hurt the performance of human beings. A whole perceptive of the key procedures these typecast hazard which causes on performance is still missing (Schmader, Johns Forbes, 2008). The writers learn typecast risk in the circumstance of research on, self regulation, pressure, watchfulness and operational remembrance extend a development model of the way unenthusiastic stereotypes damage performance on cognitive and societal missions that necessitate managed dispensation, in addition to sensor motor missions that necessitate involuntary indulgence. The writers dispute that stereotype risk dislocates performance by means of 3 dissimilar, conversely interconnected, devices: (a) A physiological strain response that unswervingly harms pre-frontal indulgence, (b) An inclination to aggressively observe performance, and (c) Attempts to hold down unenthusiastic contemplations in the revamp of self instruction. These instruments approach mutually to put away decision-making sources desirable to carry out fine on diverse chores. The vigorous scrutinizing equipment interrupts arrangement on sensor-motor chores. The 21st century conveys with it rising assortment in, disciplines and association making it essential to appreciate how the salience of standing influences accomplishment. They have configured a mold of stereotype risk that comprises cognitive, emotional, physiological procedures to illume ultimo concluded by these diverse conduits. As portrayed, this form has the potential to clarify a diversity of experiences varying from minorities and females who have executed not as much in convinced educational grounds. Inter-cultural interfaces are over and over again qualified as scratchy. Even though someone can be acquainted with how the procedures summarized in the form on the other hand it is largely for those who contend with unenthusiastic stereotypes regarding their force. Scientific Model of Culture Shock and Intercultural Communication The motive of this piece of writing has been to discharge the kind of we view as a relatively functional suggestion for indulgent characteristics of relocation of scholars to overseas nations and disclose its technical consequences there are additional extensively recognized theories in this editorial we have disputed in advancing psychology. We know, this is actually probable (Abe, Talbot Geelhoed, 1998). Culture distress is a well-designed conception, however it is not impressive you ‘get over’ by your possess employments. It is a comprehensible procedure, reassuring with their technical information. In the increasing era of Intercultural Communication, academics must comprehend the significance of genetics in the manner sojourners contradict with inhabitants and the way they respond to latest surroundings (Ambady and Gray, 2002). Or else, the entire obedience may turn out to be an additional unempirical development that will take scholars remote from the accuracy. To keep away from this, we have to endorse a debate amid intercultural announcement and discipline. The editorial inspects the ‘civilization shock’ form by the way of systematic theories of behaviour. It will dispute that at the same time as culture shock is construct on equally civilizing determinist in addition to civilizing relativist support, it is principally empirically accurate. Conversely, it needs to be delivered reassuring Culture shock is in addition established to be in conformity with technical performance research. My individual understanding discovers that English verbal communication is one of the principal barricades for global learners in Australia. The speech barriers debarred Asian scholars from communicating with professors and other scholars. It is not easy for worldwide students in Australia building verbal presentations, captivating tests, articulating themselves in English. References Abe, J., D.M. Talbot, and R.J. Geelhoed. (1998). Effects of a peer program on international student adjustment. Journal of College Student Development 39: 539–47.  www.researchgate.net/publication//3deec528ba8c1ab3a1.pdf Ambady N, Gray HM. (2002). On being sad and mistaken: Mood effects on the accuracy of thin-slice judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology ;83:947–961. [PubMed: 12374446] Amodio DM, Kubota JT, Harmon-Jones E, Devine PG. (2006). Alternative mechanisms for regulating racial responses according to internal vs. external cues. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience;1:26–36. Applehans BM Luecken LJ. (2006). Attentional processes, anxiety, and the regulation of cortisol reactivity. Anxiety, Stress Coping: An International Journal ;19:81–92. Schmader, T., Johns, M., Forbes, C. (2008). An integrated process model of stereotype threat effects on performance. Psychological review, 115(2), 336.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2570773pdf=render Zhou, Y., Jindal-Snape, D., Topping, K., Todman, J. (2008). Theoretical models of culture shock and adaptation in international students in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 33(1), 63-75  http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03075070701794833

La Grotte Cosquer :: Pre-Historic Art Essays

La Grotte Cosquer Not too long ago Henri Cosquer was swimming, 110 ft. below sea level, through a long, narrow, and treacherous entry passage, the warm Mediterranean waters closing in all around him. The darkness was so thick he could almost feel it. Finally, after what seemed an eternity, Henri pulled himself out of the murky waters and onto the rough, dry floor of what seemed to be a large cave. After his eyes focused and his breathing had settled back to its normal rhythm, Cosquer beheld a sight not seen by human eyes in over 12,000 years: an unmolested, unspoiled cavern last occupied by the mysterious Cro-Magnons who painted the spectacular designs on the soft stone walls of what would later be known as La Grotte Cosquer. Cosquer cave was first discovered in 1985. Professional deep-sea diver Henri Cosquer discovered the 175-meter tunnel below Cabo Morgiou near Marseilles, France (â€Å"The Cosquer Cave†). It was not until 1991, when Cosquer returned to the grotto, that he noticed a single hand print silhouette that lead to the discovery of several dozen prehistoric paintings and engravings (â€Å"Grotto Cosquer†). As soon as the cave was reported to authorities at the French Ministry of Culture, Jean Clottes and Jean Courtin were sent to oversee the research of this incredible find. Jean Clottes currently serves as General Conservator of the National Heritage and Advisor on Prehistoric Art to the French Ministry of Culture and the French Community. Jeans Courtin was previously in charge of antiquities in the Provence region of France and Co-Director of Research for the National Center for Scientific Research (â€Å"The Cave Beneath the Sea†). Under Clottes and Courtin many facts about the origin of these paintings have been uncovered. Apparently the creators of these prehistoric works of art used a pallet of colors consisting of hematite or ochre for the red mineral pigment, and manganese dioxide for the charcoal black pigment. Only about one third of the total artwork in Cosquer is done using paint; the others are engravings done in the cave’s soft limestone walls (â€Å"Grotto Cosquer†).

“Animal Farm”: Compare and Contrast Essay

Napoleon and Snowball, from the book Animal Farm by George Orwell, share many similar and different character traits when compared together. While Napoleon maybe cheating at cards, Snowball is hard at work developing a plan for a windmill to minimize animal work. Snowball could be talking away with his many speeches while Napoleon is trying his very best at training the puppy dogs to the rank of guard dog. Snowball and Napoleon, having their own similarities and differences, both seem to fight an endless war of being the best. Napoleon and Snowball share their characteristics in many ways including intelligence, how convincing both pigs are, and leadership traits. First, Napoleon and Snowball both have similar intelligence traits. For example, both Napoleon and Snowball could read and write perfectly. Snowball had written all the windmill plans with careful thinking and use of time. Napoleon, however, had used his knowledge to write a fake letter said to be written by Snowball to have agreed to be a secret agent to the Foxwood Farm. Napoleon knew that the other animals could not read very well and so by making his letter, no one could prove the letter was false except for the pigs that knew very well what Napoleon did. In addition, both Napoleon and Snowball were the most active in the speeches and the planning. Both pigs wanted to establish a social and economic system and be the leader of the farm. Furthermore, both pigs were smart to confuse the animals the animals in order to get their way. They used the same excuse of † Do you want Jones and his men to come back?!?† The animals, however, were too stupid to think for themselves, thus letting the two pigs get what they wanted. Second, the two animals were very convincing to the other animals. To illustrate, Snowball said that if a windmill was built, electricity could be used. There would be heat and hot and cold water. Work would also be cut down to three days per week. This, obviously a great deal, convinced the animals very easily that they wanted a windmill. Also, Napoleon convinced the animals very easily when he blamed all the farms troubles on Snowball. Napoleon said Snowball was a traitor and was working for Foxwood farms.  Napoleon said he even had â€Å"proof† of secret documentations that Snowball was working for Foxwood. Moreover, both animals knew that convincing the animals would easy. The animals usually found themselves agreeing with the animal currently talking. Third, both Napoleon and Snowball had matching leadership traits. For instance, Snowball was in charge of educating the animals. All the animals got some kind of a degree although the hens and sheep only got to the letter A. † The reading and writing classes, however, were a great success. By autumn almost every animal on the farm was literate in some degree† pg. 49. Additionally, the two pigs fought for the leadership place. Snowball believed in animalism and tried to make all animals equal. Napoleon, however, didn’t want animalism. He wanted a dictatorship. Finally, both of the pigs were greedy in a way. It was Snowball who declared that all apples and milk was to be in with the mash of the pigs. Napoleon also ordered that the barley field for beer be reserved to the pigs only. On the other hand, Napoleon and Snowball both had differences too. The two characters from Animal Farm had differences in the way both characters wanted to rule, how Napoleon and Snowball worked, and how both characters enforced the â€Å"law†. First, the way Napoleon and Snowball wanted to rule was very different. For example, Napoleon wanted a dictatorship government where he could rule the entire farm for his own greedy self. Napoleon wanted to control the farm so that his needs were met but as for the other animals, Napoleon didn’t care for them. Napoleon had also abolished the song Beasts of England because it symbolized freedom and democracy (in this case animalism) and was the exact opposite of what Napoleon wanted. The song that replaced it, however, was a new song called Comrade Napoleon. In addition, Snowball was for Animalism, which was freedom and equally treated animals. Snowball was more into Old Major’s dream. Old Major was an old boar who had dreamed of a time where all animals would be free and treated equally. Snowball wished to achieve Old Major’s dream. Furthermore, Snowball ruled the farm by inspiring the other animals to do work. He made speeches convincing animals to do the work on the farm. Napoleon, however, did not make speeches or try to convince the animals a lot. Napoleon had a secret  Ã¢â‚¬Å"police† force consisting of seven fierce dogs. Napoleon had used these dogs to chase away Snowball from the farm and kill any animal that opposed his rule. Second, Napoleon and Snowball worked differently too. To illustrate, Napoleon was a rather lazy person. Napoleon had Squealer, another pig, to do all his speeches for him. Squealer worked to spread propaganda around the farm (pigeons were used to spread propaganda and news outside of farm territory) about deaths and how Snowball terrorized the farm. â€Å"Bravery is not enough'† said Squealer. â€Å"loyalty and obedience are more important. And as to the Battle of the Cowshed, I believe the time will come when we shall find that Snowball’s part in it was much exaggerated†¦Ã¢â‚¬  pg. 70. Napoleon took credit for every good idea and claims he thought of it first. Whenever something unfortunate happens, Napoleon always blamed Snowball. Also, Snowball planned much more than Napoleon. Snowball originally designed the windmill plans and made convincing speeches. Snowball never did blame anything that went wrong on some other animal unlike Napoleon. Moreover, both Napoleon and Snowball tried to disagree on each other’s ideas. Both of them wanted to be the top but only in a different way. Third, Both Napoleon and Snowball have differences on how they enforced the â€Å"law†. For instance, Snowball convinced animals to do work while Napoleon stopped all rations to any of the animals that opposed any order. Additionally, Napoleon had a secret â€Å"police† or dog force. All traitors got their necks ripped off by the dogs. Finally, Napoleon wanted to rule all but with Snowball, Napoleon could not achieve full power. So Napoleon chased Snowball away used the seven dogs and then went on to become leader. In conclusion, whether Snowball is working away on the windmill or Napoleon is killing animals that opposed him, the two characters compare and contrast very well. Both characters work very hard†¦ in different ways that is. And finally soon and late the day is coming, tyrant man shall be o’erthrown, and the fruitful fields of England shall be trod by beasts alone†¦

Strategic Direction of Harley Davidson

The success of Harley Davidson (HD) is due to the American motorcycle icon’s effective Strategic Management. HD’s vision, mission, goals and objectives strive to exceed the requirements of its main stakeholders. Although these needs are not always met, the company has unique relationships with is stakeholders. The company stays on course with its strategic plan, despite the economy and the decline of American manufacturing and what might be considered its dwindling U. S. consumer base. Stakeholders â€Å"represent very important constituencies or groups of individuals who are part of an organization or associated with an organization.† (Module 01, 2013)HD’s main stakeholders are its employees, customers and shareholders. Each stakeholder has its own motives for being involved with the organization. Normally these motives result in common goals and objectives.MissionAn organization’s â€Å"mission is the overachieving goal of a company, the reason w hy it operates. † (Module 01, 2013). Harley Davidson’s mission statement is â€Å"We ride with our customers and apply this deep connection in every market we serve to create superior value for all of our stakeholders† (Harley Davidson, 2012. p. 2).  This mission statement places the needs of stakeholder foremost in the company’s strategic plan.VisionA company’s vision should â€Å"set up the long term direction of the company (vision), they incorporate the goals of the main stakeholders (shareholders, customers, suppliers, employees), they express the main values of the management to be embraced by employees, and they describe the main goals† (Module 01, 2013). Harley Davidson’s vision is â€Å"We fulfill dreams inspired by the many roads of the world by providing remarkable motorcycles and extraordinary customer experiences.We fuel the passion for freedom in our customers to express their own individuality† (Harley Davidson, 2012, p. 2). Harley’s vision does state a continuing corporate path; however it is on quite romanticized. A look at the company’s goals and objectives is needed to complete a picture of the organizations vision.Goals and Objectivesâ€Å"Goals and objectives divide the vision into achievable units at department levels for instance, that are further subdivided into smaller and smaller units, until they reach every employee’s desk. † (Module 01, 2013) Harley Davidson’s has identified four major goals in its Annual Statements.These goals include obtaining flexible manufacturing, creating shorter product development times; developing a premium customer experience and fulfilling dreams (Harley Davidson, 2012, p. 4). Goals should meet the SMARTER principle. That is that â€Å"Goals should be designed and worded as much as possible to be specific, measurable, acceptable to those working to achieve the goals, realistic, timely, extending the capabilities of those working to achieve the goals, and rewarding to them, as wellâ€Å" (McNamara, 2011). We will evaluate each goal to measure whether it meets this criterion and the needs of the main stakeholders.Manufacturing. One of HD’s goals is to create flexible manufacturing within its multiple facilities. In the past Harley on produced one bike per plant. If the public demand changed in that area Harley may have been left with a large supply and no demand. Harley’s objective is to enable its plants to be able to produce the right motorcycle for the needed demand in that area. The company’s tactics include incorporating the success of its York plant into all of its plant globally. In 2011, the York plant was outfitted to produce both the Tri Glide and All Touring Softail motorcycles (HARLEY Davidson, 2011, p 4).This will allow the company to move product to the correct customer at the correct time. Employees of Harley are encouraged to provide input and incorporate changes to improve products as well the production process. The goal of flexible manufacturing meets the entire criterion for the SMARTER principle. Both employees and customers benefit if this goal is realized. Product development. Harley’s goal to reduce product development times include three main facets: â€Å"1) a laser focus on the best product opportunities; 2) reduced time-to-market; and 3) increased product development capacity through efficiencies† (Harley Davidson, 2011, p.4). This goal does not meet the full criterion of the SMARTER principle. The goal is not specific. It does not quantify how much it wants to decrease the timeliness of product development. Employees benefit from this goal. The main benefit is that because HD believes in employees participating in the product development process it has created a learner centric environment. Employees stay well versed in their fields while assisting the company in developing quality products in shorter peri ods of time. This benefits the customers by providing quality products that keep up with advances in technologies and consumer desires.Retail. â€Å"The goal of this transformation at retail is quite simple: to provide a premium retail experience with every customer, every day and everywhere, while strengthening dealer profitability† (Harley Davidson, 2011, p. 5). Harley Davidson plans to work with all of its stakeholders to ensure that all of its many faces culminate in a great customer experience. This includes an in store and online experience. The SMARTER principle is also not completely met with this goal. The goal is not completely measurable. It is beneficial to all stakeholders.The strengthening of retail keeps employees employed and the improved customers can make customers feel more valued and more likely to seek out the retail experience. Dream fulfillment. â€Å"At the core, these three transformations—in manufacturing, product development and at retailâ⠂¬â€come down to one thing: we must ensure, in a world of ever-increasing customer expectations, Harley-Davidson continues to fulfill dreams through remarkable motorcycles and extraordinary customer experiences far into the future† (Harley Davidson, 2011, p. 5). All of HD’s improvements end here.The improvement require all stake holder to work together to make the customer experience unique. The improvements, if effective will add to the Harley Davidson ethos.RecommendationMy recommendation to Harley executives is to remember to stay true to the brand, but to attempt to market products to find new consumer within the US. Since HD’s inception, Harley has been associated with the freedom of America, but it may be losing it American consumer while changing to a global market. â€Å"Harley-Davidson demographics has long shown its reliance on an overwhelmingly white, male and middle-aged consumer base would ultimately  challenge sales in North America, where it st ill earns two-thirds of its revenue† (Kelleher, 2013).The goal that I propose is to include marketing to a younger group with a disposable income. I have been introduced to Harley; in fact, I learned to ride on a Buell in a Harley Drivers Edge Safety Course. I an African American female and have never been in the Harley advertising demographic. Harley does have a female rider’s program but it’s not advertised. All of the commercials that I have seen for Harley actual talk about the experience and financing.Although it is an American institution like a lot of older brands, it may lose it appeal a younger population. Increasing its consumer base can only be beneficial to its other stakeholders. It may potentially prevent manufacturing jobs from being transferred outside of the U. S. as Harley seeks consumers in other locations. Harley Davidson’s use of strategic management is in line with the needs of its main stakeholders. The company’s mission ackno wledges the need to meet the demands of all stakeholders for a more effective organization.Harley’s vision recognizes what HD brand means to the consumer. The organization’s goals and objectives seek to make the brand more effective in the current global market while satisfying the needs of its stakeholders. HD should be careful that it continues to gain new customers as it reliable customer base ages and are no longer able or willing to ride. Harley has continued to use strategic management to change the company’s fortunes over the years. As a result, the company has faltered but never truly failed.

Violence Makes Violence essays

Violence Makes Violence essays This novel is shortonly being about 180 pagesbut looks may deceive you, or in other words dont judge a book buy its cover or its thickness. A Clockwork Orange is actually 360 pages because you have to read between the lines. You may think that the storys theme is that the future will be filled with horrible decadent violence (that is what I first thought), but if you read between the lines you will understand that this book is written for one main purpose, a purpose other than A Clockwork Orange was written in 1962, story about the future which was meant to be around 1995 to 2000 (a car used in the story called a 95' Durango). A boy about seventeen, Alex the narrator and main character living in London, rampages about with his droogs (friends) raping, stealing, beating and even killing people. Alex one day is caught for murder and jailed but two years later he is luckily freed twelve years before his sentence ends to take advantage of a new treatment for violent people like him that he volunteered for. He goes through the therapy and succeeds and returns back to civilization. He now becomes sick when he is about to commit a violent or sexual, but also when the Ninth Symphony by Beethoven plays (a minor defect from the treatment). Alex is driven to attempt suicide from this defect because he is locked within a chamber playing this song and does not accomplish his task. He is hospitalized and returns to his ultra-violent self while the inhumane treatment does not work because it does not even give people a choice about being violent. While Alex helps to present the theme, two different outcomes are formed. First, Alex goes through a great change from being ultra- violent to becoming Lamb-chop and then back to being ultra-violent. Second, the theme defines the major conflict of the story. Although the co...

Calculating cash flow and net present value (see paper for details) Assignment

Calculating cash flow and net present value (see paper for details) - Assignment Example From the presented case of the manufacturing organization, revenue outflows are the additional support costs of  £4K every year. Capital inflows refer to those incomes that are generated from other activities other than the normal trading of an entity. In the case of the manufacturing organization such capital inflows is the sale of machinery. On the other hand, revenue inflows are those incomes that are generated by an entity from its normal operations by selling goods or services. To establish the payback period, the cumulative cash flows was established, but from the above calculations, the manufacturing organization could not cover its initial investment costs of  £410K from the net cash flows it generates within a period of five years. It is also a discounted cash flow technique that uses the principle of NPV. It is individual investment’s rate of return when it is considered in isolation or independently of all other investments that the firm undertakes. It is that rate of return which is inherent or internal to the cash flow of a given project. It is the discounting or required rate of return that gives a zero NPV i.e. ∑PVs – I0 = 0 NPV. Internal rate of return is established through trial and error, interpolation, or extrapolation method. Through the trial and error, a rate of interest is selected at random and is used in the establishment of NPV of the cash flows. If the rate chosen gives a lower NPV than the cost, a lower rate is chosen and if the rate gives a greater NPV, a higher rate is chosen. The process continues until the final rate chosen gives a zero

A Framework for Effective Communication Skills Research Paper

A Framework for Effective Communication Skills - Research Paper Example The framework focuses upon the five ‘Is’ such as interaction with the patient, developing the intention of the interaction, planning upon the kinds of intervention techniques used, evaluating the impact of such sorts of intervention and assessing the implication of the information that has been gathered and thus taking actions accordingly (Hamilton & Martin, 2007). The article tries to focus upon the fact that it is significant for the nurses to communicate with the patients by making use of diverse skills in order to ensure the patients that the health care practitioners are there to help the patients both psychologically and physically taking into account the patient’s state of health. The article also tries to identify that the patients must be given chance to express their fears, worries, anxiety, and concerns if any so that the healthcare professionals are able to identify the root cause of the problems prevailing with the patient (Hamilton & Martin, 2007). It is significant for the nurses to identify that providing the patients with information needs to be goal-directed activity. The intentions behind the interaction with the patients need to be identified. If such intentions can be identified by the practitioners then they will be capable of evaluating the efficiency of their contact with the patient.